Space, Science and Technology

Dalton's Atomic Theory In 1800, Dalton   postulate some theory for atom called Dalton’s atomic theory. They are given bellow: 1) All matter is made of atoms. Atoms are indivisible and indestructible. 2) All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties 3) Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms. 4) A chemical reaction is a rearrangement  of atoms. 

Orbit Orbital As postulated by Bohr, an orbit is a definite circular path at a definite distance from the nucleus in which the electron revolve round the nucleus. Orbits are designated by the capital letters K, L, M, N…. etc. As postulate by wave nature of an electron, an orbital is a three-dimensional region around the nucleus within which the probability of finding an electron is maximum., Orbital’s are designated by s, p, d… etc. Orbits are circular in shape. Orbital’s have different shapes. It represents the planer motion of the electron. It represents the three-dimensional motion of the electro round the nucleus. An orbit indicates an exact position of an electron in an atom. An orbital does not specify the exact position of an electron in an atom. The maximum number of electro in an orbit is equal to 2n^2, where n is the number of the orbit. An orbital cannot acco

Emission Spectrum: According to plank’s theory of radiation, energy is radiated or absorbed by a body discontinuously in a definite fundamental unit or in an integral multiple of the fundamental unit. This unit of energy was called by plank quantum.  The emission spectrum of a chemical element or chemical compound is the spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the element's atoms or the compound's molecules when they are returned to a lower energy state. Each element's emission spectrum is unique. Therefore, spectroscopy can be used to identify the elements in matter of unknown composition. Similarly, the emission spectra of molecules can be used in chemical analysis of substances. Look at  the given Image, it is emission spectrum of Hydrogen:

Nuclide:  A Nuclide is a particular nucleus characterized by a defined atomic number and mass number. There are particular types of Nuclides. They are: ·          Isotopes ·          Isobars ·          Isotones Isotopes: The atoms having same atomic number but different atomic mass number are called Isotope. Isobar:  Nuclides having the same mass number but having the different Proton/Atomic number are called Isobar.   Isotones: Atoms of different elements having different mass number and different atomic number but same neutron number are called Isotones.